Support Our Work Mailing list About / Contact

Publication information

Support our work: become a Friend of Statewatch from as little as £1/€1 per month.

Authors: Chris Jones, Romain Lanneau

Research support: Samaya Anjum, Eloisa Griffiths

Thanks to: Nidžara Ahmetašević, Hope Chilokoa-Mullen, Sara Chitseko, Riccardo Coluccini, Caterina Rodelli, Niovi Vavoula

This report was supported by the European AI & Society Foundation.

Manuscript completed February 2025.

Published by Statewatch, April 2025.

Statewatch produces and promotes critical research, policy analysis and investigative journalism to inform debates, movements and campaigns for civil liberties, human rights and democratic standards. We began operating in 1991 and are based in London.

Support our work by making a donation:

https://www.statewatch.org/donate/

Sign up to our mailing list:

https://www.statewatch.org/about/mailing-list/

Registered UK charity number: 1154784. Registered UK company number: 08480724. Registered company name: The Libertarian Research & Education Trust. Registered office: MayDay Rooms, 88 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1DH, UK

Next section >
Contents

Our work is only possible with your support.
Become a Friend of Statewatch from as little as £1/€1 per month.

Next article 

Contents

 

Spotted an error? If you've spotted a problem with this page, just click once to let us know.

Report error

Statewatch does not have a corporate view, nor does it seek to create one, the views expressed are those of the author. Statewatch is not responsible for the content of external websites and inclusion of a link does not constitute an endorsement. Registered UK charity number: 1154784. Registered UK company number: 08480724. Registered company name: The Libertarian Research & Education Trust. Registered office: MayDay Rooms, 88 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1DH. © Statewatch ISSN 1756-851X. Personal usage as private individuals "fair dealing" is allowed. We also welcome links to material on our site. Usage by those working for organisations is allowed only if the organisation holds an appropriate licence from the relevant reprographic rights organisation (eg: Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK) with such usage being subject to the terms and conditions of that licence and to local copyright law.

About | Contact | Privacy Policy